![]() Most of these veterans would later become officers in the young Israeli Army. It would serve with distinction in the whole North African campaign, Sicilia, Italy, the low countries and eventually Germany. During WW2, Muslim authorities became more favorable to the axis, whereas a Jewish brigade was levied and incorporated into the British Army. At the same time in Germany Nazi persecutions amplified the phenomenon of mass-emigration. In 1936-39 the Arab revolt led the British authorities to form a public inquiry commission headed by Lord Peel, and a white paper in 1939 professing the containment of Jewish territories in Galilee and western coast, with further relocations of Muslim populations, fuelling even more anger. ![]() This was of course caused by these territory occupations that led to 1929 riots, and at the end of the 1930s, full-scale civil war, with both the constitution of a Jewish and Arab legion and militias. Following the Balfour declaration in 1917 which saw in a favorable way the establishment of a Jewish state, the Zionist movement grew with ten of thousands of “pioneers” (halutzim) settling in Palestine but soon confronted with a strong Arab resentment. The treaty of Vincennes indeed saw former Ottoman Empire territories of the area falling under French and British control. This movement led many European Jews fleeing from the past Russian persecutions and pogroms (Especially in Ukraine) to settle in Germany and the Western countries later, as well as immigrate in Palestine, a British-held territory after WW1. The Jews probably suffered the worst case of organized genocide in history, and the trauma associated in 1945 for the survivors of the Shoah re-launched and firmly grounded the idea of a return to the original homeland, an idea professed by several XVIIIth Diaspora’s intellectuals and in the XXth century (known as the Zionist movement).
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